sam自粘防水卷材价格(mba—s自粘防水卷材)
mba—s自粘防水卷材
方法如下
网上申请及信息提交
考生需在浙江大学MBA考生服务系统中注册账号。注册成功后,在相应批次的申请截止日期前完成申请信息填写以及材料上传。所有电子申请材料需满足系统要求的格式与大小,且需保证内容清晰。所有必填信息与必选电子材料上传无误后,方可进入面试资格评审环节。
防水sbs自粘卷材价格
运城sbs防水卷材施工及报价厚度为5度,一般在9-12元/平方米左右。
3卷18-20元/平方米为自粘,4卷320-35元/平方米为深根SBS线圈。
地址运城市禹都市场c八区。
sam-980自粘防水卷材是什么
980跟970差别并不大
980跟970的差别就只有一个十而已,我们所说的差距大,一般都是在成百上千之内的范围内进行波动,才是一个比较大的变化,而小范围的一般都是在百以内的计算,我们称为小范围,所以980跟970的差距只有一个十,并没有特别大
自粘性防水卷材价格
1.自粘防水卷材的价格因厂家、品牌、材质、规格等因素而异,一般来说,价格在50元至200元之间。2.如果需要大量采购,一般会根据采购数量进行批发,价格通常比零售价格低一些。3.自粘防水卷材的性能好坏还需要看质量,价格高的产品相对来说性能会更优秀,寿命也会更长一些。
自粘防水卷材 价格
大部分都是都是十几块钱一平方吧,1.5厚的,不过还要看牌子,看地方的
sam自粘防水卷材是什么
1. 根据我的了解,sam26是一种高级陶瓷材料。2. sam26具有优异的高温稳定性能和化学稳定性能,通常被用于生产暴露在极端条件下的零部件,如高温装置、涡轮机零件等。3. 此外,sam26还因其极高的硬度和较低的热膨胀系数,也被用于制作高级陶瓷刀具、导线、断路器等产品。
自粘防水卷材价格多少钱一平
每平方米的人工费在30-50元左右。
因为自粘防水卷材施工需要较为专业的技术和经验,同时卷材的规格和厚度也会影响施工难度和人工费用,所以费用会有所浮动。
此外,还需要考虑施工环境和人员数量等因素,比如繁忙的市区施工费用会更高,人员数量不足也会导致费用上涨。
sam930自粘防水卷材
我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”,可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下,越来越多的考试采用答题卡,网上阅卷,字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此,在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。
写字习惯
从孩子一年级学习写字开始,掌握正确的写字姿势,养成良好的写字习惯,才有助于孩子的身体发育,视力保护,同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。
坐姿
孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点,要求做到:头正、肩平、身直、足安。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略,那就是双脚自然平放在地上,全脚掌着地,双腿分开约与肩同宽,此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。
同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”,也就是身体距桌子一拳,眼睛离课本一尺(约33厘米),握笔手指离笔尖约一寸(约3.3厘米),不含胸驼背。
坐端正后,还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央,摆正后再来书写,避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。
在孩子学习写字的初期,家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒,帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。
握笔姿势
握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的,做精细动作的能力较差,握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导,帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。
1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出
2、俩指轻合成圆环状。
3、笔杆穿过圆环,再由中指从下往上自然挺住,把笔杆固定在三角架中。
注意
1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间,食指在前,拇指在左后,中指在右下,食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米(约一寸)
2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜,掌心虚圆,指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。
练字前准备
选笔
练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头,而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字,因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习,无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。
铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性,能体现落笔的轻重,进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋,能做到顿笔、收笔的区别,使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。
1、铅笔
适合儿童和初学者,有助于表现笔画粗细,练出笔锋。
2、中性笔
价廉易取,容易控制,0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。
3、钢笔
最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大,需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。
选字帖
字帖大致分为凹槽字帖和描红字帖两种。先说结论,凹槽字帖是较不推荐的。因为用凹槽字帖练字,我们只要着笔在字帖上跟着凹槽来回画就行了,令你很难掌握基础的控笔技巧,对练字的帮助就较为有限。而描红字帖一般也不太推荐使用半透明纸张进行描红,因为这样你没法仔细观察文字的结构及笔法,我们更建议直接在字帖上描红练习。
选字体
练字是一个需要耐心且需要掌握基础的练习,没有捷径可言。我们要先学会各个笔画笔顺的练习,再进行楷书练习,最后才能选你喜欢的大师字帖进行练习。因此,如果跳过基础练习,直接进行大师字体临摹,很可能练习多年也不得要领,写不出好字。
正式练字
每个年龄段的孩子有不同的写字要求。
低年级
对于低年级的孩子来说,首要的要求是把字写正确。课后的生字表中会出示要求会写字的笔画、笔顺、部首等,书写前需要认真观察,看清楚再下笔。刚开始写时,尽量仿照书中出示的楷体,一笔一画模仿写。
需要特别注意的有:
1、先看清楚笔顺再动笔写,混乱的笔顺后期很难纠正!
2、汉字在田字格中的位置要居中,大小适中,上下左右都要留出一定的位置。
3、学会观察字的结构,如上下结构、左右结构、半包围结构等,还要注意不同结构的占格,如“你”字左窄右宽,“卧”字左宽右窄。
4、学会观察重要笔画。
一个字中最长的笔画及它在田字格中的位置,如“耳”字中最长的横是第六笔,写在横中线下,从左到右微微向上倾斜。
“目”“垂”这类字中“横”较多,每横之间的距离要基本相等。
左右结构的字会出现“穿插避让”,如“林”字左边的“木”最后一笔要写成“点”。
最后一笔为“捺”时,如“八”“木”要特别注意下笔舒展,渐加力至捺脚重按笔出锋,不能写成“点”。
5、低年级时对孩子的要求应该是把字写正确、规范,而不是过于追求和字帖一样的美观,这样过高的要求可能会打击孩子写字的积极性。如果想引导孩子练出起笔、顿笔、收笔,可以利用和教材配套的字帖,其中会对每个字的笔顺、占格、笔画位置等有较为详细的指导;也可以将楷体字放大,先引导孩子观察笔画的走向、特点,再模仿练习。
中年级
在低年级把字写正确的基础上,中年级的孩子应把重点放在练习把字写端正。此时,孩子手部的精细动作得到了进一步的发展,书写更加熟练、自如,练字的关注点就可以是如何把一个字写美观,也就是更加注重练习起笔、行笔、顿笔、收笔等书写要领。主要的方法还可以延续临摹字帖,此时不建议给孩子用透明类的字帖,这样的字帖纸张过于轻薄,不便于书写;此外,离开了下面的“模子”,孩子对于汉字在田字格中的占位、书写要领等可能印象并不深刻。
中年级孩子开始尝试用钢笔练字,由铅笔到钢笔的转换,部分孩子可能不适应,而产生不愿换笔的现象。但其实一开始写不好钢笔字是正常的,正是因为如此,才更体现出练字的必要性。此时要注意,不要以圆珠笔代替钢笔,这样写字时可能更为整洁,但难以达到提升书写能力的目的。
还有一点需要提醒的是,中年级是孩子错别字的高发期,此时用钢笔书写难免产生勾画涂抹的情况,对于写错的字,应用规范的删除符号“/”划去,这样才能保证书面整洁。
高年级
等孩子到高年级,写字的关注点就从“一个字”转变为“一篇字”,在写好每个字的基础上,注意字与字之间的间隔,行与行之间的空隙,追求整篇字的美观。
还要有意识地提高写字的速度,在保证字体规范、工整的前提下,尽可能快地书写。这也是需要练习的,例如看要抄写的内容时看一句话,而不是每次只看一个词或几个字;书写时不过于追求每个字的美观;字体大小适中;保持正确的握笔姿势;平时加强识字写字练习等。
练字步骤
控笔训练
从练字的角度,把控笔练习分为三个阶段:
第一阶段:协调力控笔训练。不管细节,只找感觉,这是为了练习手腕、手指和笔之间的协调能力,纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势。
第二阶段:精度控笔训练。按照线条轨迹和粗细变化进行练习,切实注意起止位置,全面提升大脑对手部动作的控制能力,真正做到手笔合一。
第三阶段:美感控笔训练。按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。
扩展资料
首先,笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示,从笔画开始练字,我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下,用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等,久而久之,甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。
其次,笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化,要做到手笔合一,对于初学练字者来说,这是难上加难,而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后,练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边,这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。
第三,美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点,经过专门的美学训练,可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。
基础笔画训练
运笔的基本笔法:中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。
美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当,呈现出美的形态与神态,充满活力,或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔,归于自然。
中锋
即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时,笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位,落纸后,笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时,笔尖在笔画中间,两边的笔毫一齐用力,墨迹向两边渗透均匀,写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。
侧锋
侧锋又叫做偏锋,与中锋相对。侧锋用笔,笔入纸后,笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时,顺锋竖入,向右下顿笔,此时笔尖朝左上方,当我们向右稍拖带时,笔的运行方向是朝右的,笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画,往往一侧较厚实,一侧较单薄,这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。
“中锋取骨,侧锋取妍”,侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。
起笔、行笔、收笔
行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。所谓起笔,就是书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左边起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。
提笔、按笔
钢笔行书的用笔也很讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。
翻笔、折笔
翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑,如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇,都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、"山"字的竖折,都是用折笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而用力。
风格,指用锋的深浅。
使转和方圆
在书写的过程中,随点画之势运笔,带来了运腕方向上的不断变化。诸多的变化归纳起来,用“使转”二字便能概括。“纵横牵制谓之使,钩环盘纡谓之转。”(王绂《论书》)。点画的“遣送”为使,点画的“交接变向”为转。“使”皆实,“转”有虚,“转”更难。转笔作用很大,极须用意。它即是换笔,又是调笔,方法也需视情况而变。
写字口诀
小小一点要点好,学会顿笔很重要;
横要平,竖要直,撇有锋,捺有脚;
提钩要尖折有角,行笔轻快要记牢;
认真练习功夫到,笔画健美字才好。
18个基本笔画运笔示意图
一、长横
二、竖画
三、撇
四、点
五、卧钩
六、竖撇
七、竖弯钩
八、平捺
九、戈钩
十、垂露竖
十一、捺
十二、竖折
十三、竖钩
十四、提钩
十五、撇点
十六、平撇
十七、横撇
十八、横折
偏旁部首训练
汉字的偏旁部首是指各种点画的固定搭配,是汉字的结构单位,是构成汉字的基础,重复出现的频率极高,具有极为普遍的代表性。它们在汉字中的形态基本固定,并具有一定的书写规律,因此掌握偏旁部首的写法,狠抓偏旁部首,不失为一条最为有效的捷径,对学习汉字结构也是一条快捷之路。同时,偏旁部首书写的正确与否,直接关系到字形的美观,所以在学习钢笔书法的结构前,有必要先掌握汉字各种偏旁部首的正确写法。同时,掌握好一个偏旁部首,即可举一反三地运用到其他很多字当中去,可达到事半功倍的效果。
汉字的偏旁部首常用的有82种,一般归纳为:字头、字底、左偏旁、右偏旁、包围五大类。
字头
字底
左偏旁
右偏旁
包围
认识字形结构
汉字的结构对称特点,主要是指汉字的字形结构具有几何学上的对称意义,它的构形笔画或几部件以某个线(面)为轴相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲(完全重普或部分重叠),具有冗余信息或重复的视觉信息,因此而区别于其它非结构对称汉字。
根据对称的种类及层次,结构对称汉字具体可细分为以下几种情况:
1、上下部件结构对称:如吕、昌等。
2、左右部件结构对称:如比、林、非等。
3、内外部件结构对称:如回等。
4、部分部件结构对称:如以中间部件为轴对称:如辩、斑等;字形下部的部件结构对称:如丽、翁等;字形上部的部件结构对称:如丛、琶等;字形左边的部件结构对称:如彬等,字形右边的部件结构对称:如琳等。
5、部件多层重叠的结构对称:如、鑫等。
6、独体字中的结构对称:如田、中等。 据作者初步统计,在国家语言文字工作委员会汉字处编的《现代汉语通用字表》(北京:语文出版社,1989)收集的7000个通用的汉字中,上述各类结构对称的汉字达612个,占通用汉字总数的8.74%。 其教学过程及步骤如下:
第一阶段:形象地显示自然界的对称规律。 大自然中无处不存在着对称现象。因此,可采用实物、图片、幻灯以及录象等各种形象的手段,让学生了解大自然所表现的种种对称性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、动物中的对称。然后让学生到自已的周围去找各种对称的事物。如自己的身体,双耳、双眼、双鼻孔、双手、双脚的对称,从而使学生初步感知对称的美,并迁移到汉字学形结构对称的感知中来。 第二阶段:直观地识别对称的基本的独体字 汉字的字形形象而多变,但大都具有结构对称的特点。教学时,可采用直观形象的图画让学生体会汉字的结构对称的美。由幻灯或 CAI 展示实物或景象﹣展示古时的汉字﹣展示演变至今的对称汉字﹣揭示其对称的规律。如教左右对称的独体字“雨”,可首先展示雨景,让学生观察雨点方向,继而展示一个古时的“雨”字,最后展示演变至今的“雨”,引导学生了解从图到字中发现四点的方向是一致的,而如果四点的方向不一,这个字的整体对称美就不能表达出来。实际上,学生在观察和描述中已感受到这种对称美,只不过无法用“对称”这个词表达出来。有的上下左右都对称的独体字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法,还可以让学生通过折折,剪一剪的方法来体会这种对称的规律。把纸对折再对折,画一个空心“口”字,再用剪刀剪出这个字,把这个“口”字打开来,就是“田”字。 第三阶段:分类地识别各种结构对称的合体字。
当学生初步感知对称这一概念,学会了对称的独体字后,可传授各种适合这类对称汉字的识字方法,归类识别各种对称的合体字,并逐步培养学生独立识别各类对称汉字的能力。 ①字谜法 适用于上下、左右、内外以及多层重叠对称的合体字。学生对这类字很感兴趣,可让学生编字谜,师生互猜字谜来识别。如“三火是焱,三金是鑫”等等。 ②颜色标注法 适用于部分部件对称的汉字。可用彩色粉笔标出合体中的对称部分,如下部对称的“翁”字中的“羽”,右边对称的“琳”字中的“林”等等,对于以中间部件为轴对称的字,如班,可用色标标出其中间部分。 ③儿歌分解法 同样适用于部分件对称的汉字。如“丛”一一左右两人走钢丝。 另外,当学生掌握了一定的识字方法后,还可鼓励学生新创各种合适的方法来识别各种对称的生字,激发学生字的兴趣。
规范字书写练习
购买适合自己的字贴进行练习。
1、司马彦 | 人教版课课练:字体规范、人教版教材适用(各年级都有) 。
2、金枝叶 | 小学生生字摹写本人教版课本同步练字帖:描红、临帖结合 。
3、华夏万卷 | 人教版课本同步写字课字帖:内容系统全面(各年级都有)。
4、墨点 | 衡水体高中英语字帖:衡水体 。
5、学才 | 小学生英语单元同步词汇:同步词汇 。
6、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷书练字帖:凹槽+临摹。
7、金枝叶 | 儿童初学者凹槽练字帖:幼儿、凹槽。
适合的字帖
1、清晰
按照现在的印刷技术,清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商,为了让字帖更清晰,更具有迷惑性,在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。
2、选择高端版本
所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了,难免会有误差。选择字帖,应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。
3、选择全彩色印刷
高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些,但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张,墨色深浅如何等等,好的全彩色字帖,都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹,并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。
4、复制品
复制品的概念,可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品,其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的,它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力,墨色,纸张的颜色,气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素,它都有。
5、字帖有标明尺寸
这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸,才会判断出来原作到底有多大,字有多大,线条有多粗,然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们常说“字如其人”“见字如面”,可见写一手好字的重要性。特别是在当下,越来越多的考试采用答题卡,网上阅卷,字体的清楚、整洁、美观成为取得优异成绩的首要条件。因此,在小学阶段练一手好字就显得尤为必要。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYGSUw6K0GAAmeKLPmmONUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字习惯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6CaigIgAM4Q8C473kBrV4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从孩子一年级学习写字开始,掌握正确的写字姿势,养成良好的写字习惯,才有助于孩子的身体发育,视力保护,同时这也是在为中高年级孩子较为轻松地提升写字速度做准备。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUo2uCwkEYcY0yLzLzhFGPP"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna08MkIgEYWysYHcm33HH8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"孩子的坐姿是家长最容易关注的点,要求做到:头正、肩平、身直、足安。其中“足安”可能会被大家忽略,那就是双脚自然平放在地上,全脚掌着地,双腿分开约与肩同宽,此时孩子的整个坐姿才是稳定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuKaaeGSwYqqqEdu3mtZFxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时还要做到“一拳一尺一寸”,也就是身体距桌子一拳,眼睛离课本一尺(约33厘米),握笔手指离笔尖约一寸(约3.3厘米),不含胸驼背。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQGOGmGceaQiU1Lj1VXV9rj"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"坐端正后,还可以提醒孩子将写字的书本放在书桌正前方的中央,摆正后再来书写,避免歪歪斜斜地摆放。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKIYIGIAuu0ew0033YFdlvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在孩子学习写字的初期,家长可以利用儿歌、口诀多加督促提醒,帮助孩子有意识地养成良好的坐姿习惯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniwoWuug46SY0KixxgO3nne"},,"attrs":{"height":337,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"坐姿","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc4ee17a03c148cd881f3c5f5b6ebba9","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnOomI2cMoKsoOeSed5HIHJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSsCmyCOIE4oucDue7PQ24d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势和坐姿要从小抓起。儿童肌肉的发育是不平衡的,做精细动作的能力较差,握笔写字是比较费劲的。家长要耐心指导,帮助孩子掌握正确的握笔方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnumMWKqIUuUsySoqEXpcGWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、首先将大拇指和食指伸出","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKcuQGWIOyaIA0Is7b0bC0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、俩指轻合成圆环状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquoCoAEGYQgM2hAslEH5Wh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、笔杆穿过圆环,再由中指从下往上自然挺住,把笔杆固定在三角架中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncomCkWUgYmm2aSMJTO8xve"},,"attrs":{"height":338,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cccc6635bd24beb88213ecdf1d71d22","width":450},"text":"","id":"doxcnIEyu0ygkyyakshk7baK7oc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 注意","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6wOCwk6KAOoYqYd0we3pIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间,食指在前,拇指在左后,中指在右下,食指应较拇指低些。手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米(约一寸)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsaOkquAwiKOmakdQkW88Ud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜,掌心虚圆,指关节略弯曲。笔杆勿靠于虎口处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4yEUM48aOYWspPYl5HUBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字前准备","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYa2IUeQCWWiSqy0TFL163d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0mikOyeSWSmwx8jTzjFtg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字一般分软笔和硬笔两种。顾名思义软笔即如毛笔这样的软质笔头,而硬笔多指铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔这类硬质笔头。我们大多数人只是希望平时能写好字,因此可以直接从硬笔开始练习,无需进行毛笔书法练习。毕竟软笔字的书写方法与硬笔字还是有些不同的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0osQ4288OwYotIKVoCmph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔在硬笔里笔头相较更具韧性,能体现落笔的轻重,进而更有利于字帖练字的基础——控笔技巧的掌握。而钢笔更能够体现出书法的笔锋,能做到顿笔、收笔的区别,使我们更容易掌握书法的技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUA20K4CYQSGMHJ2p1tcWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、铅笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAWUumGSui20Q4JvZmOHv2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合儿童和初学者,有助于表现笔画粗细,练出笔锋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnso2UaOsWgCG8dMK96DWOK6"},,"attrs":{"height":201,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8878a6068ba7421b994fbb4384d38a98","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQeUC6ymCy4OKwsXCTZvxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、中性笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAmqYaWcUm0caGOIBGwBZhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"价廉易取,容易控制,0.7和1.0的笔芯较适合用于练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOsE4koe2y2YMoFwXH2rr2d"},,"attrs":{"height":297,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c18e26021a2408db3351aeda1686878","width":335},"text":"","id":"doxcnaA08C8QUYkIIIpPPXQP8Tf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmeg8UG06CqsguQol2jET7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最能表现笔画的顿挫和书写的节奏。但钢笔的出水量比普通笔大,需选择有一定厚度的纸张进行练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkSMsousI6Kgk0ubl7gkfTd"},,"attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选笔","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/75b334c36dcd4e59b0d16a93125773db","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnM4c0mw0g4OYgSMJRTSUX8b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmigIkqCWuGSamwq0oZQaFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖大致分为凹槽字帖和描红字帖两种。先说结论,凹槽字帖是较不推荐的。因为用凹槽字帖练字,我们只要着笔在字帖上跟着凹槽来回画就行了,令你很难掌握基础的控笔技巧,对练字的帮助就较为有限。而描红字帖一般也不太推荐使用半透明纸张进行描红,因为这样你没法仔细观察文字的结构及笔法,我们更建议直接在字帖上描红练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniawgc6moE8SgorYcMFuhmb"},,"attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选字帖","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eaac5d8fff124dfb87a0c402e6bad2ac","width":499},"text":"","id":"doxcnqK4wgaqYa8iMq2bdEOYcVd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"选字体","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQmq0QiQqmSyiq1EKkneJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练字是一个需要耐心且需要掌握基础的练习,没有捷径可言。我们要先学会各个笔画笔顺的练习,再进行楷书练习,最后才能选你喜欢的大师字帖进行练习。因此,如果跳过基础练习,直接进行大师字体临摹,很可能练习多年也不得要领,写不出好字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni0EUGYMoSOkecNYrR1ArFb"},,"attrs":{"height":407,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"选字体","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/82b308e82a77415eb8034f2788329104","width":304},"text":"","id":"doxcn44UwooIImcyqQtjtGUeXeg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"正式练字","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOCaYoIui4YY2a0AN7E9pXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每个年龄段的孩子有不同的写字要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugE6IiiQSEUC416F5qlgrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8kAa48musqYKwrbVRh1HTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于低年级的孩子来说,首要的要求是把字写正确。课后的生字表中会出示要求会写字的笔画、笔顺、部首等,书写前需要认真观察,看清楚再下笔。刚开始写时,尽量仿照书中出示的楷体,一笔一画模仿写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngeEcKqmiUAYYGCKuKNk6kc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"需要特别注意的有:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiogUSieK84eQhxZqjXple"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、先看清楚笔顺再动笔写,混乱的笔顺后期很难纠正!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny466KKKCYCGYKetveQadHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、汉字在田字格中的位置要居中,大小适中,上下左右都要留出一定的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngEQyWsqoWueIcpPn5kUN4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"学会观察字的结构,如上下结构、左右结构、半包围结构等,还要注意不同结构的占格,如“你”字左窄右宽,“卧”字左宽右窄。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAaYsy28MGmQS2A9BWpdig6"},{"type":"imageList","children":[,"attrs":{"height":181,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"低年级","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-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旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQgsiOgu8cUE6wQftgx81hb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"扩展资料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuEW2CGGGY8KwsJrmam4Z1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先,笔画练习不具备纠正勾腕、攥拳等错误握笔姿势的能力。有关数据统计显示,从笔画开始练字,我国少年儿童错误握笔姿势问题一直居高不下,用力过大、写字太慢、歪歪扭扭、写字太累等等,久而久之,甚至造成手指、脊椎发育出现问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMUS2I6YYOKQc7ppj1vnCF9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次,笔画练习不具备控笔元素所具有的线条轨迹和粗细变化,要做到手笔合一,对于初学练字者来说,这是难上加难,而具备这种细微笔画的拿捏能力之后,练习笔画就会变得水到渠成。一个控笔元素最多可以用在21个笔画上边,这也是练习控笔元素优于直接练习笔画的一个方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOiO0Uiw8qUYUUh2bSCmCHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三,美感训练是控笔元素具备而笔画无力能及的又一特点,经过专门的美学训练,可以非常轻松地按照斐波那契螺旋比例找到黄金分割点,按照黄金分割比例将笔画、偏旁进行排列,让字写得更美观。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn68I8WWSuOueCiMlTz6kiBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础笔画训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGsmQqqAQGAISCoqdn1EvSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔的基本笔法:中锋、侧锋、偏锋、起笔、行笔、收笔、藏锋、露锋、提笔、按笔、疾笔、涩笔、转与折。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWCOMiuWSoUg2KuTvzxHZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美的线条当是来龙去脉交待清楚、行笔流畅自如、轻重缓急得当,呈现出美的形态与神态,充满活力,或轻或重、或缓或急、或刚或柔,归于自然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwu0qo4QwSMuImmlMIbXNCb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCYSgwSaMqUiy6IVl9H3Bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即指中锋用笔。中锋运笔时,笔尖时刻保持在线条的中心部位,落纸后,笔尖的方向和笔运行的方向在一条直线上。中锋行笔时,笔尖在笔画中间,两边的笔毫一齐用力,墨迹向两边渗透均匀,写出来的笔画厚实、凝练。中锋在篆书、楷书、隶书中运用的特别广泛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneUYeeCi6a0SiqWBtkhbRxc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyIuykMO8iAMkWzi34ISNhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"侧锋又叫做偏锋,与中锋相对。侧锋用笔,笔入纸后,笔尖的方向与笔运行的方向往往呈一个角度。如写“横”时,顺锋竖入,向右下顿笔,此时笔尖朝左上方,当我们向右稍拖带时,笔的运行方向是朝右的,笔尖方向和运笔方向就有一个夹角。侧锋写出来的点画,往往一侧较厚实,一侧较单薄,这与侧锋是单侧笔毫用力有关。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaQcMMwiGEqS0kre8o9Pted"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“中锋取骨,侧锋取妍”,侧锋在行、草书中运用的很广。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsQIMIyemC0O8MpOfQGOUqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"起笔、行笔、收笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsEQIaSqwU8iicX9ytmvwXb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"行书的基本笔画,在书写时都有起笔、行笔、收笔三个过程。所谓起笔,就是书写笔画笔尖触纸时的下笔;行笔,就是书写笔画的中间运笔;收笔,就是笔画书写结束时的用笔。如写横画,左边起笔,中为行笔,右为收笔,起笔有轻有重,行笔有快有慢,收笔有回有露。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCCASE2aoyc8YCKhjfUc3Jd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提笔、按笔 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniOWuiskk4Oek8hwdJEJrNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔行书的用笔也很讲究提按,以增强笔画的粗细变化和轻重的节奏。所谓提笔,就是笔从纸面提起,笔尖触纸力度小,笔画要细;所谓按笔,就是笔尖在纸上往下按,笔尖触纸力度大,笔画要粗一些。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnawAukQQSKk68cFRQcBDmee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔、折笔 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna4Qi46YII0Mw8PdAqUCgte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"翻笔,一般是向上取逆势,上一笔接下一笔出现的钩挑,如“古”字的横,“人”、“有”的撇,都是用翻笔写成的。折笔,一般是向下、向右取顺势,如“口”字的横折、\"山\"字的竖折,都是用折笔写成的。不论翻笔、折笔,都要求用笔慢而用力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OoQuMo44QoocV7fMpbnmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"风格,指用锋的深浅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0sAqCwYqqgegWS6GCV7Y2g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"使转和方圆 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gUWiSMAEesQC07vayZWlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在书写的过程中,随点画之势运笔,带来了运腕方向上的不断变化。诸多的变化归纳起来,用“使转”二字便能概括。“纵横牵制谓之使,钩环盘纡谓之转。”(王绂《论书》)。点画的“遣送”为使,点画的“交接变向”为转。“使”皆实,“转”有虚,“转”更难。转笔作用很大,极须用意。它即是换笔,又是调笔,方法也需视情况而变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK2ACiiaOKqmYmaHvNHikCd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWaukGqCGS26gKOTlhW9rJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小小一点要点好,学会顿笔很重要;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSgEOsmc4AEeGGsXifw8d9d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横要平,竖要直,撇有锋,捺有脚;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQC6sg8UgIUauGADpgOa1Od"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提钩要尖折有角,行笔轻快要记牢;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4WA8CKkGeuuIbQ3EHh5ch"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"认真练习功夫到,笔画健美字才好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKC4MuKOWEWE0wr5jdfeGih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"18个基本笔画运笔示意图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkOUUo2iQ0yOUpIDcwJKGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、长横","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng6gaaqa846CqaewLCFOKre"},,"attrs":{"height":411,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1301e04c2c7b408b8cfe79022a135d81","width":475},"text":"","id":"doxcnqQ6Y42IsSuEoOo7aZSnHUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、竖画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOqAK6i4286MOi6DlK7gKSf"},,"attrs":{"height":396,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67daba4642b24754a13cf64f332513cd","width":498},"text":"","id":"doxcnk0e8gMs8MI6us1uJTtb3Fg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22yswookeokESiNVl00Tkd"},,"attrs":{"height":402,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b982074a1b164deabd2ec0641599cad8","width":441},"text":"","id":"doxcna262kqIaQ4iC0KpjpMnRrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4aaKqsYYQ2WO2z2vtZRkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2YI6QsKsYEEgMnlnnuy42e"},,"attrs":{"height":399,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e6631faa70f8444088a32d9c1f7f6077","width":552},"text":"","id":"doxcnceCIMCEU4musp1Tk2B7fEX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKkuKmYAYwAaU2TlhKDBFUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、卧钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWMcumuiCyOeOWCNwRHOvd"},,"attrs":{"height":480,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ac67bc4bdd848d7a9022ad427ece999","width":507},"text":"","id":"doxcnUCqk8gaqAIoshJ4Zfdortw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、竖撇","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmqC2KSYOo26WwxYoqxMdtg"},,"attrs":{"height":487,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/638e5a8847604911a061cda45d25eeae","width":567},"text":"","id":"doxcnwOkoSag4EEOk8dsczFAz2g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"七、竖弯钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIaoK0KscSk040UEM6FRR4f"},,"attrs":{"height":440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33a0e92bea4c4d8d9543d5189f2dde03","width":589},"text":"","id":"doxcn8ySEmk0SOGiGqmmPDDXrtl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"八、平捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni46GQI28aEsGCKtaVsb6ld"},,"attrs":{"height":389,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c631dea5bef6406a96853c4d0f990478","width":573},"text":"","id":"doxcnYWoggUy6864Y4EDv3qomVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"九、戈钩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUkY664Gs4uSAakTISbCqUd"},,"attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f098d10f52024cfa9afbc9f5ca5cd11a","width":583},"text":"","id":"doxcnQa4e2eueEOc8QFB57L0xDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十、垂露竖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny0asqeqekGmOOSJ1cqBjIb"},,"attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a86b90008ea46588a9940f860ffb6ba","width":565},"text":"","id":"doxcnmms08wK4G0QiGyyi5z04ng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十一、捺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny8ssM8aoQUQaMzvBvKawRb"},,"attrs":{"height":495,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写字口诀","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3a4f44fb8d824fb1be8098b0d57710b2","width":592},"text":"","id":"doxcn8wSMimOOkeCk4RFkDYQAsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"十二、竖折","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn26WUu4UEgWsYAKyvLpjF2a"},,"at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字头","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSG0MmAy6Y6q4COqC7gYflb"},,"attrs":{"height":204,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" 字头","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/77a411f6d0d84a1d8fad7491946490db","width":542},"text":"","id":"doxcn8Guq8gCSaIwikBwrM4Wa3m"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESqUCWEG0YgyK58XSWFicR"},,"attrs":{"height":238,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"字底","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c3c497495b164986a603e8a321001995","width":538},"text":"","id":"doxcnUaIwiWYO8Go0APqhD2X6qg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0okWIamCukY2K4gMCZsRHc"},,"attrs":{"height":321,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"左偏旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a56902cb861b449cb1fc3acfb59c4496","width":530},"text":"","id":"doxcngAimWYk20cog00pjwka9sd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4EoQWowKeUKwMvxaNT2prd"},,"attrs":{"height":212,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"右偏旁","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/218ecef231784b44b4afdb3cd8c56bab","width":508},"text":"","id":"doxcnmSwyu4k4IMOAEDbDdqRJQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"包围","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqAIaUEK4mWaI9YifgkP1f"},,"attrs":{"height":294,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"包围","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7316d411cdca4a36b9eb401c840341e4","width":544},"text":"","id":"doxcnCEM6wag4SyQwPTbv6cjoJB"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识字形结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiwkcyKIIE2WG8WU0HxJwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构对称特点,主要是指汉字的字形结构具有几何学上的对称意义,它的构形笔画或几部件以某个线(面)为轴相互折普后或平移后可以左右或上下重聲(完全重普或部分重叠),具有冗余信息或重复的视觉信息,因此而区别于其它非结构对称汉字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uuOWsI4EGWUuOhz6ObFvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据对称的种类及层次,结构对称汉字具体可细分为以下几种情况:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncYUk4c0GcQIeOC2lbs0i0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、上下部件结构对称:如吕、昌等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkgIOkSuMeqwwQj6Jwhnz4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、左右部件结构对称:如比、林、非等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA6e62sKWUCiUUJcJcqpQ9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、内外部件结构对称:如回等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns8uWkyUCoAmi27hTDw5Tcb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、部分部件结构对称:如以中间部件为轴对称:如辩、斑等;字形下部的部件结构对称:如丽、翁等;字形上部的部件结构对称:如丛、琶等;字形左边的部件结构对称:如彬等,字形右边的部件结构对称:如琳等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEAYgEAU606oAMnBJpJW3qf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、部件多层重叠的结构对称:如、鑫等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaKeUGIkq0a8IpVYnPPUBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、独体字中的结构对称:如田、中等。\\n据作者初步统计,在国家语言文字工作委员会汉字处编的《现代汉语通用字表》(北京:语文出版社,1989)收集的7000个通用的汉字中,上述各类结构对称的汉字达612个,占通用汉字总数的8.74%。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"其教学过程及步骤如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncOsIUey4Em6aAxFxlJVXJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一阶段:形象地显示自然界的对称规律。\\n大自然中无处不存在着对称现象。因此,可采用实物、图片、幻灯以及录象等各种形象的手段,让学生了解大自然所表现的种种对称性。如雕塑、建筑、植物、动物中的对称。然后让学生到自已的周围去找各种对称的事物。如自己的身体,双耳、双眼、双鼻孔、双手、双脚的对称,从而使学生初步感知对称的美,并迁移到汉字学形结构对称的感知中来。\\n第二阶段:直观地识别对称的基本的独体字\\n汉字的字形形象而多变,但大都具有结构对称的特点。教学时,可采用直观形象的图画让学生体会汉字的结构对称的美。由幻灯或 CAI 展示实物或景象﹣展示古时的汉字﹣展示演变至今的对称汉字﹣揭示其对称的规律。如教左右对称的独体字“雨”,可首先展示雨景,让学生观察雨点方向,继而展示一个古时的“雨”字,最后展示演变至今的“雨”,引导学生了解从图到字中发现四点的方向是一致的,而如果四点的方向不一,这个字的整体对称美就不能表达出来。实际上,学生在观察和描述中已感受到这种对称美,只不过无法用“对称”这个词表达出来。有的上下左右都对称的独体字如“田、日”等除了采用以上方法,还可以让学生通过折折,剪一剪的方法来体会这种对称的规律。把纸对折再对折,画一个空心“口”字,再用剪刀剪出这个字,把这个“口”字打开来,就是“田”字。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"第三阶段:分类地识别各种结构对称的合体字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGQooykMiOKO8e24T9CoJ1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当学生初步感知对称这一概念,学会了对称的独体字后,可传授各种适合这类对称汉字的识字方法,归类识别各种对称的合体字,并逐步培养学生独立识别各类对称汉字的能力。\\n①字谜法\\n适用于上下、左右、内外以及多层重叠对称的合体字。学生对这类字很感兴趣,可让学生编字谜,师生互猜字谜来识别。如“三火是焱,三金是鑫”等等。\\n②颜色标注法\\n适用于部分部件对称的汉字。可用彩色粉笔标出合体中的对称部分,如下部对称的“翁”字中的“羽”,右边对称的“琳”字中的“林”等等,对于以中间部件为轴对称的字,如班,可用色标标出其中间部分。\\n③儿歌分解法\\n同样适用于部分件对称的汉字。如“丛”一一左右两人走钢丝。\\n","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"另外,当学生掌握了一定的识字方法后,还可鼓励学生新创各种合适的方法来识别各种对称的生字,激发学生字的兴趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2wW4ekqqg0k4I5erDaOZd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"规范字书写练习","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQSoi62qaqcqKETbVuo7DKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"购买适合自己的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"字贴","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"进行练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmGsAIgaW4KMIAvAT02qNnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、司马彦 | 人教版课课练:字体规范、人教版教材适用(各年级都有) 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnagCQGK4sg8eG0Sny0Qf3Fb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、金枝叶 | 小学生生字摹写本人教版课本同步练字帖:描红、临帖结合 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYA8QK0QSksE4W4LgUV6Td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、华夏万卷 | 人教版课本同步写字课字帖:内容系统全面(各年级都有)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns2IGo2yWUUCEUXF7cpsH8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 4、墨点 | 衡水体高中英语字帖:衡水体 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaUegKse6iYmEEF6zFqXSrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、学才 | 小学生英语单元同步词汇:同步词汇 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcng8uesMou8YyYKo0cpoTzce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、六品堂 | 凹槽行楷/楷书练字帖:凹槽+临摹。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnksOKKkW2OSqwELVsHfHjig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、金枝叶 | 儿童初学者凹槽练字帖:幼儿、凹槽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIyOsg8CwuM8AT8yfHAERh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"适合的字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIAacyyEQ0icaS43XlEMTjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、清晰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE6w8OSC6QquAAbCTfY7VYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照现在的印刷技术,清晰是基本没有问题的。可清晰有时候是假的。有些出版商,为了让字帖更清晰,更具有迷惑性,在制版的时候会将图片深度锐化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuOcGEyAM4qigUbD8yrG8Vh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、选择高端版本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqE0YYgSWy4COC2zuiBkCkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓的高端版本是指初版、第一版印刷的。印刷次数多了,难免会有误差。选择字帖,应该苛刻到“下真迹一等”或者尽可能靠近原作的那种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOUUmgYqoa2iaidNaKeBrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、选择全彩色印刷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm6k6qECsGM4gisaohkg4kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高清全彩色印刷的字帖尽管贵一些,但你能从中捕捉和发现很多信息。诸如原作用的什么纸张,墨色深浅如何等等,好的全彩色字帖,都能看出来线条叠加的痕迹,并能分析出来用笔速度、正确的用笔方法来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMuIWewGioQsA4hTgmUqB9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、复制品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneYow4u4uSYoeQrM2TOVnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"复制品的概念,可不能简单理解成印刷品。复制品,其实就是按照原大、原色、原样、原材质复制的,它几乎可以理解成真迹的克隆品。复制品的好处就是你几乎是在面对真迹。线条的张力,墨色,纸张的颜色,气息等等字帖所不能表现的因素,它都有。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qAWyuyY0U6Kk844s91Ku1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、字帖有标明尺寸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCIMAyMkWqOCsAzUWphtQ4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个尺寸指的是作品本身的尺寸。只有有了尺寸,才会判断出来原作到底有多大,字有多大,线条有多粗,然后才会明白原作到底有多大的技术难度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2yMs0gIUWCOyW36xeqsmK"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E本网站文章仅供交流学习 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